How to Read a Paint Tube
I’m a self-taught artist who loves sharing tips and tutorials for painting with watercolor and gouache, and using the Procreate app on the iPad.
If you’re new to painting, you might be confused by all of the information that is on a paint tube. What does everything mean, and does it even matter? Learn how to read a paint tube.
You might also like these other watercolor tutorials.
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How to Read a Paint Tube
There is a lot of information on a paint tube that can help you decide if the paint is right for you.
Does this information really matter? That depends on a few things.
Are you planning on selling your art or displaying it? If so, it’s really important to know about lightfastness.
You don’t want the paintings you sell to fade in sunlight, and the same goes for displaying them in your own home. I had one fade recently, and I was so upset.
Knowing the opacity can help you determine the right colors for specific situations. In watercolor, you typically want the most transparent colors, but some colors are pretty opaque.
With acrylics and gouache, you typically want more opaque paints. Knowing that a paint color is pretty transparent can tell you to add white to make it more opaque. Or that you will need multiple layers.
Knowing the pigment information can help with mixing. If a paint contains multiple pigments, it will produce muddier colors when mixed.
By the way, lower-grade or student-grade paints may not contain most of this information. This is an easy way to tell if the paint is student-grade.
Some nicer student-grade paints contain the information, like this tube of Winsor and Newton’s Cotman paint.
This information can be used for watercolor, acrylics, and gouache. (It probably works for oil paint, too, but I don’t paint with it.)
You might be interested in learning how to use watercolor tubes.
Color Name
Color names can vary among brands, even if they are the same color. There are some standard color names, though, such as phthalo green, ultramarine blue, and cadmium red.
Not all colors are available in all mediums. For instance, indigo is popular in watercolor paint and doesn’t seem to exist in acrylic paint. However, Payne’s Gray is pretty close.
Colors can vary by brand. For instance, Sap Green is always a warm green, but there are considerable differences in the colors.
Some brands have specialty lines also denoted in the brand names or labels.
For instance, Daniel Smith has the Primatek line, allegedly made with minerals. (There’s a whole controversy about this that I don’t want to get into.)
Series
This mainly refers to the price of the paint. Since some pigments are more expensive to produce, they cost more, which is why the price of the same-size tube of paint can vary.
Series 1 paints are more affordable than series 3 or 4 paints.
Color Pigments
Paints are made from pigments. These pigments are indicated with 2-3 letters and a number.
- PR – Red
- PO – Orange
- PY – Yellow
- PG – Green
- PB – Blue
- PV – Violet
- PBk – Black
- PBr – Brown
- PW – White
- PM – Metallic
You probably don’t need to memorize every pigment number, but they’re good to know if you want to look up the properties of a particular pigment. Here’s a good source to learn from if you want to nerd out.
You can also use that number to learn what each color is made from.
Some paint colors are made from mixtures and may contain colors that aren’t lightfast.
Pigments can vary significantly from brand to brand. Some are even used to create multiple colors of paint colors!
Single pigment paints are lovely to work with because they’re the easiest to mix. You know what you’re working with, so there are no surprises.
Don’t discount pigments with multiple pigments, though. Some of my favorite colors have more than one pigment but have almost magical properties.
For example, Cascade Green by Daniel Smith separates into green and blue pigments.
Lightfastness
Lightfastness refers to how well the paint withstands sunlight without fading. This is important if you plan on selling your work.
Fugitive colors will fade in the sunlight. Opera Pink is the most famous example of this.
Other colors can change colors if exposed to sunlight.
Most paints use the ASTM rating scale, which ranges from I to V, with I being the most lightfast.
Opacity
Opacity refers to how transparent the paint is.
It is denoted with either a blank circle or a square, filled in, or somewhere in the middle.
Ingredients or Binder Information
Paint tubes may also contain information on binders or other ingredients. For watercolors, gum Arabic may be the binder.
Staining or Non-Staining
Not all paint labels contain this information, so you might need to look this up on the manufacturer’s website before purchasing a new color.
This refers to whether or not a paint will stain or if it can be lifted. The scale ranges from 1 to 4, with 1 being the least staining and 4 being the most staining.
Paint with a high staining rating can be good for layering because the color will not lift when a new layer is applied.
However, you might be unable to “erase” mistakes by lifting the paint with a damp brush.
Permanence
Gouache also has a permanence rating. The scale is from 1 to 4, with 4 being the most permanent.
Tips for Buying New Paint Colors
Buying dot card sheets or color charts can be helpful when choosing new paint colors.
Dot cards allow you to sample the paint and see which colors you like without purchasing an entire tube.
They also contain all relevant information about pigments, lightfastness, staining, and opacity.
I also like to keep a swatch book of all of my paints. This lets me see which color I want to add to my collection. You can also write all of the relevant information if you wish.
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